Being able to interact with the sys module will allow you to create different scripts that you can use for different hacking purposes. For example, you may want to analyze different command line arguments during runtime. If you are going to build a scanner to discover system vulnerabilities, you may want to pass a filename as a command line argument, which can be done by using the list sys.
Take a look at this sample code to see how this module is used: When you run this piece of code, you will see that the command line argument has been analyzed and then Python prints out the results on the screen. Using this module, you can allow the programming language to interact on its own with the file-system, permissions, user database, and different OS environment. Using the previous example, you, the user, submitted a text file as a command line argument.
However, it will also be of value if you can check if the file that you have passed exists and the current user of the machine you are targeting have the necessary permissions to read that file. To determine this, you can create a code that will display an error message if either one of the condition is not met.
You can use this code to do that: To check your code, you can attempt to read a file that is not available in the system, which will cause the script you just typed in to display the error. Afterwards, you can enter a filename that will be successfully read. This extensive collection contains several built-in modules that allow you to access different functionalities in the system. This means that you are able to deal away with platforms when it comes to creating your codes.
If you are running Python from a Windows machine, you are likely to have the entire standard library included in your installation. If you are operating using UNIX or any similar operating system, you may need to use the packaging tools available in your operating system if you want to get some of the optional components.
At this point, you already know the essentials in Python. As you create your own codes for hacking or import modules from libraries, you will be able to discover more functionalities and learn what they are for. Since you are learning how to code in order to hack, the best way for you to pick up your pace is to learn as you create tools that you can use for hacking.
This means that it is time for you to do the exciting stuff! Chapter 7: Setting Up for Hacking At this point, you have a basic idea of how Python works and how programs were created using this programming language. Now, you are ready to learn how you can use Python scripts to compromise websites, networks, and more. Learning how to hack entails being able to setup the right environment that you can work in in order to develop your own exploitation tools.
Since you have already installed Python and the standard library that comes with it, you are pretty much set up for hacking. All you need to do now is to install other tools and libraries that you can use for the exploits that will be detailed in this book.
Installing Third Party Libraries Third party libraries are essentially libraries that do not come native with your installation of Python.
All you need to do to get them is to download them from a targeted source, perform uncompressing on the package that you just downloaded, and then change into the target directory. As you might have already guessed, third party libraries are extremely useful when it comes to developing your own tools out of the resources that are already created by someone else.
Since Python is a highly collaborative programming language, you can use libraries that you may find from website sources such as GitHub or the Python website and incorporate them into your code. There Once you are inside the directory, you can install the downloaded package using the command python setup.
Tip: If you want to establish your development environment faster, you may want to get a copy of the BackTrack Linux Penetration Distribuion, which essentially allows you to get access to tools that are used for forensics, network analysis, penetration testing, and wireless attacks. This Python program will not only teach you how you can crack passwords, but also help you learn how to embed a library in your code and get results that you want.
To write this password cracker, you will need to have a crypt algorithm that will allow you to hash passwords that are in the UNIX format. When you launch the Python interpreter, you will actually see that the crypt library that you need for this code is already right in the standard library. Now, to compute for an encrypted hash of a UNIX password, all you need to do is to call the function crypt.
The code should return with a string that contains the hashed password. This is how the output should look like: When that happens, you can simply write a program that uses iteration throughout an entire dictionary, which will try against each word that will be possibly yield the word used for the password. Now, you will need to create two functions that you can use in the program that you are going to write, which are testPass and main. The main function will pull up the file that contains the encrypted password, which is password.
After that, the main function will call the testPass function to test the hashed passwords against the dictionary. The testPass function will take the password that is still encrypted as a parameter and then will return after exhausting the words available in the dictionary or when it has successfully decrypted the password. At this point, you are now able to set up an ideal hacking environment for Python and learn how to make use of available resources from other hackers.
In this chapter, you will learn how to attack a network using some third-party tools and codes that you can write using Python. At the same time, you will also gain better awareness on how hackers gain information about their target and perform attacks based on the vulnerabilities that they were able to discover. Reconaissance: The Opening Salvo to Your Attack Hacking a system begins with reconnaissance, which is the discovery of strategic vulnerabilities in network before launching any cyber-attack.
Whenever you connect to the internet and send data over the web, you are leaving behind footprints that hackers can trace back to you. When that happens, it is possible that hackers will want to study your activities over your network and discover vulnerabilities in your system that will make it easier for them to infiltrate and steal data that can be of value to them.
In order to interact with this open ports, you will also need to create TCP sockets. Python is one of the modern programming languages that allows you to gain access to BSD socket interfaces. If you are new to this concept, BSD sockets give you an interface that will allow you to write applications so that you can do communications with a network right in between hosts.
If you are able to know the IP address and the TCP ports that are associated with the service that you want to target, then you can better plan your attack. Most of the time, this information is available to system administrators in an organization and this data is also something that admins need to hide from any attacker.
Before you can launch any attack on any network, you will need to gain this information first. Making Your Port Scanner Port scanning is a method in which you can assess which of the ports in a targeted computer is open, and what kind of service is running on that specific port.
Since computers are operating to communicate with other devices and perform a function by opening a port to send and receive data, open ports can be a vulnerability that hackers will want to exploit. Think of an open port to be similar to an open window to a burglar — these open ports serve as a free passage to any hacker that will want to steal data or set up shop inside a computer to exploit its weaknesses for an extended amount of time.
Take note that port scanning is not an illegal activity to do — in fact, network security personnel scan the ports of client computers in order to learn about their vulnerabilities and apply the security protocol needed.
However, port scanning is also the best way for any hacker to discover new victims and find out the best way to hack their system. A port scanner will allow you to look at the hosts and the services that are attached to them. As you may have already guessed, sockets are behind mostly anything that involves network communications.
When you pull up a web browser, your computer opens a socket in order to communicate to a web server. The same thing happens when you communicate to other computers online, or send a request to your printer over your Wi-Fi. Pull up your text editor and then save the following code as portscanner. Each website has a different features, but will usually read a particular text document, analyze it, and then display it to a user, just like the way a source file interacts with the Python interpreter.
There are different libraries that come with this programming language that can handle web content, but for this hack, you will be using Mechanize, which includes the primary class called Browser. Take a look at this sample script that will show you how to get a source code of a website: When you run this script, you will see syngress.
As you may already know, web servers see to it that they log the IP addresses of different users that view their websites in order to identify them. This can usually be prevented by using a VPN virtual private network , or by using Tor. What happens when you use a VPN is that all traffic gets routed to the private network automatically.
With this concept, you get the idea that you can use Python to connect to the proxy servers instead, which will give your program an added layer of anonymity. You can use the Browser class to specify a proxy server that will be used by a particular program.
For this script, you can use the HTTP proxy provided by www. Just in any case this proxy is not available to be used anymore, you can simply go to the website and select an HTTP proxy that you can use. You will then see that the website you are trying to access believes that you are using the Now, continue building your script: At this point, your browser already contains a single layer of anonymity.
However, websites do use a string called user-agent in order to identify unique users that log in to their site. This string will usually allow the website to get useful information about a user in order to provide a tailored HTML code, which then provides a better user experience. However, malicious websites can also use that information to exploit the browser that is being used by a targeted user. For example, there are certain user-agent strings that some travel websites use to detect users that browse using Macbooks, which then proceed to give these users more expensive options.
Since you are using Mechanize, you can change the user-agent string just like how you change the proxy. The website that you are browsing now thinks that you are using a Netscape 6.
What happens after is that websites that you are going to visit will attempt to present cookies that they can use as a unique identifier in order to identify you as a repeat visitor when you go back to their site the next time. To prevent these websites from identifying you, you will need to see to it that you clear all the cookies from your browser whenever you perform functions that you want to be anonymous. Another built-in library in Python, called the Cookelib, will allow you to make use of various container types that will allow you to deal with cookies that website present you.
This will allow you to simply call the class using a browser object in the future. It also contains the functions that you were able to create earlier, which you can call individually or all at once using the anonymize function.
The anonymize function will also allow you to select the option to wait for 60 seconds which will increase the time of requests that you send.
While this will not change anything in the information that you submit to the website, this step will decrease the chance that the websites that you are visiting will recognize that the information being sent to them comes from a single source. You will also notice that the file anonBrowser. Now, you can write a script where you can use the class that you have just created. In this example, you will be entering votes for an online competition on the website kittenwar. Using this script, you should be able to visit the targeted website anonymously five times, which will allow you to enter five votes using the same computer: After running this script, you will be able to fetch the targeted web page using five different unique sessions, which means that you are using different cookies every time you visit.
Wireless Attack: Dnspwn Attack This attack is created by using the airpwn tool, which is a framework for packet injection for wireless This tool is created to listen to incoming packets and then injects content to the access point when the incoming data matches a pattern that is specified in the config file. To your target, your airpwn looks and behaves like the server that he is trying to communicate to. To perform this attack, you will need to have Backtrack or Kali Linux installed in your computer, as well as a wireless card adapter.
Follow these steps: 1. To do this, pull up airmon-ng from Kali Linux and then enter the following command. Once you have a monitor up and running, you can start creating the code for your attack. Create your code. You will need to make use of the scapy module in order to perform the dnspwn attack. Now that you have the scapy module, we can now make the function that will allow you to construe the request for the needed information and then do response injection. You can do this by working up the following layers: The scape module makes the entire process simple by removing away a lot of details that you do not need to be concerned about.
Once the other details has been abstracted away by scapy, you can use the following code: At this point, you have all the flags set for your attack. As you may have noticed, there is a certain limit when it comes to sending and receiving data through the network and your own networking interfaces.
The reason for this limit is the amount of bandwidth that you have, and if other users are not hogging the bandwidth, the faster your connections will be. When all the bandwidth that should be available to you, you are experiencing a DoS Denial of Service.
Once you already found that service, you can make the program behave in a way that it is not supposed to do, which will cause the remote host to take up all its available resources and then take it offline. This will cause the host to ignore any application that are listening to that particular host and then reply with a packet that says ICMP Destination Unreachable.
To do this, all you need to do is to pull up your text editor and input the following code: Save this code as udpflood. To run the code, pull up IDLE and then execute the program, which will prompt you to enter all the other information that you need.
Take note that this hack is directed to only one port, but if you want to exploit all other 65, ports that are available. Chapter 9: Hacks for the Web You may be wondering how to get past certain website protection policies in order to get a file that you want, browse anonymously, or get more information about the website that you want to penetrate to launch a massive attack.
In this chapter, you will learn how you can perform Creat hacks on a website using some programs that you can create using Python. Creating an SSH Botnet Now that you know how to create a port scanner and you are aware of how you can find vulnerable targets, you can now proceed to exploit their vulnerabilities.
One of the ways to do this is to exploit the Secure Shell protocol SSH in order to get login credentials from clients. What is a botnet? Bots, as the name implies, are incredibly useful when it comes to automating services in practically any device.
Botnets, on the other hand, is a group of bots that are joined together by a network which allows system administrators e to efficiently do automated tasks over an entire system of users that are connected together by a server or a local network. While botnets are essentially tools for easy managing of several computers, they can also be tools that you can use for unintended purposes, such as creating a DoS or DDoS Distributed Denial of Service that may cause a website to load multiple times in a session or for commenting on social media sites continuously.
Assuming that the hosts credentials are stored in a file that has this format: username hostname:port password. Now that you have these credentials, you will need to consider the functions that you need to create. This may mean that you need to run a status check to see running hosts, make an interactive shell session to communicate with a targeted host, and perform a command on selected hosts. To begin, you will need to import every member of the namespace fabric. Once you have these setup, you will not have to enter each password for each new connection.
Now that you have this setup, you can now proceed to running the commands. To be able to do this, you will need to create a menu that will enable you execute the other tasks with the specified hosts using the execute function of Fabric. Scraping Websites that Needs Login Credentials If you want to mine data from a website, you will find that you will first need to log in before being able to access any information that you want.
This means that in order to get the data that you need, you will first need to extract all the details that you need to login to your targeted website. Since it is prompting you to supply user credentials, you are unable to go into the website and mine the information that you want.
As you may have guessed, you will have to build a dictionary that will allow you to put in details for the log in. Chapter Understanding Attacks Using Python Hacking is not all about launching attacks — understanding how black hat hackers launch target and penetrate their target systems will make you understand how you can use your newfound knowledge to prevent your own system from being vulnerable to them. Knowing User Locations Out of Tweets If you have been using Twitter, you may think that you are tweeting your updates from sheer randomness; however, the truth is that you are following an informal formula for the tweets that you compose.
There are other data included in your tweet, which may not be visible in the body of your tweet, such as an image that you want to share or a location. To a hacker, all the information in your tweet contains something that will be important in writing an attack — when you think about it, you are giving away information about the person that you are interested in, links that you and your friend are likely to be interested in, and trends that you might want to learn about.
Your script will look like this: When your script returns with the above results, you are likely to deduce that the these teams are tweeting live from where they are. From this output, you may deduce that the Red Sox are playing in Toronto, while the Nationals are in Denver.
Matching an IP Address to a Physical Location Most of the time, people are willing to post what is on their mind on social media sites, or perform attacks that they find using online tools that they can download, thinking that they will never have to face the consequences of their actions. While most bullheaded yet inexperienced hackers and online trolls think that they can hide behind a fake account to conceal their identity, you can prove that these people are not as anonymous as they think they are.
In fact, there are several ways to use libraries and third-party modules in Python to unmask the location and identity of a user based on his or her IP address.
For example, you suspect that your system is being targeted by another hacker and you notice that your open ports are being sniffed by a particular IP address. Python can help you do that using a script that is similar to what is going to be discussed in this section.
Using this free database, you will aim to write a code that will match the IP addresses found on their list to cities. Once you are able to download the GeoCityLite database, you will be able to analyze the IP addresses down to locating the country name, state, postal code, and a general longitude and latitude.
To make the job easier, you can use a Python library created to analyze this database. In this hack, you will learn how to analyze a network capture, and examine the protocol layer of each packet using the tool called Dpkt. When you run this script, you will be able to find both the source and destination IP addresses: The next thing that you will want to do is to match these IP addresses with a physical location.
You can improve the script that you have just created by creating an additional function retGeoStr , which will give you a physical location for the IP address that your code is able to locate. For this example, you will be able to find the three-digit country code and the city for each IP address and then have the code display this information.
Just in any case the function prompts you with an exception, handle it by providing a message that indicates that the address is not registered. Once you are able to add the function retGeostr to the script that you were able to produce earlier, you will be able to create a good packet analysis toolkit that will allow you to view the physical destinations of packets that you want to study.
Now that you are aware that your data is possibly being routed to too many different computers, you get the idea that you need to improve your security by securing your ports. It requires regular practice and time. To become a successful hacker you also need to invest some money. I have shared direct download links for each book. But one thing I would like to remind you that reading books is not everything, you also need to learn and practice.
This down-and-dirty book shows you how they can blow away the default system settings and get Ubuntu to behave however you want. This one-of-a-kind resource contains pages of jaw-dropping hacks, mods, and customizations. These include creating mashups with data from other sources such as Flickr, building a space station tracker, hacking Maps with Firefox PiggyBank, and building a complete community site with Maps and Earth.
Now you can map out locations, get driving directions, zoom into any point on the globe, display real-time traffic, and much more. Admit it. Most users are, and this book is just going to make it worse. Tweaks, tricks, and add-on apps to customize your BlackBerry—plus Java code for even cooler hacks. Secrets of Super Hacker is the most amazing book ever published on computer hacking. Anyone concerned with computer security and data privacy needs to read this book.
This book will give you information on different concepts of hacking like cracking wireless networks, hacking cell phones, and many more. Below is the full list of hacking topics included in this book. Hackers Underground Handbook is really nice for beginners.
It contains some beginners as well as advanced hacking tutorials. You can ask for any Ebooks by commenting below I will provide you. If you like my post then subscribe below for such more great ebooks and tutorials Also like my Facebook Page. The content of the book is listed below:. Hacking for beginners, as the name says is completely for beginners you can begin your hacking journey with this book or Hackers underground handbook both are amazing books for noobs. The book is well written and you will enjoy reading it.
Below are some topics covered in this book. Keywords: hacking books ethical hacking books best hacking books ethical hacking pdf hacking pdf. You will also be able to create your own hacking scripts using Python, use modules and libraries that are available from third-party sources, and learn how to tweak existing hacking scripts to address your own computing needs.
Order your copy now! Write a review. Read this book? Comment on this book's GitHub issue page and share what you liked and what you didn't like about it. Your GitHub comment will show up as a review here. See an example.
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